1Hanny Fuzi Lestari, 2Setyo Trisnadi, 3Danis Pertiwi, 4Wahyudi
1,4Postgraduate student of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung, Jl Kaligawe KM 4 Semarang 50012
2,3Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung, Jl Kaligawe KM 4 Semarang 50012
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmra/v6-i12-29Google Scholar Download Pdf
ABSTRACT:
Dyslipidemia is characterized by an increase in total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and a decrease in HDL. One of the consequences of endothelial dysfunction as a precursor to cardiovascular disease is induced by oxidative stress and inflammation, so this condition must be controlled. Dyslipidemia causes an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines which play a role in oxidative stress and inflammatory processes. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of administering snake fruit ethanol extract on serum lipid profile, IL-6 and MDA levels in Wistar rats induced by a high-fat diet. The type of research is experimental with a Post Test Only Control Group Design research design. The research subjects used 36 Wistar rats, divided into 6 treatment groups, namely healthy control group (KS), negative control (K-), positive control with simvastatin (K+), 60 mg dose EEKS group (P1), 120 mg dose EEKS group (P2), and EEKS group dose 240 mg (P3). Examination on day 36 used blood serum ELISA method to analyze levels of lipid profile, IL-6 and MDA. There was a significant difference using the t test (p0.05) in the average decrease in total cholesterol, LDL, triglyceride levels and increase in HDL levels. The results of IL-6 levels showed significant differences between groups using the one way anova test (p0.05), the 120 mg dose had the lowest results but was not significantly different when compared to the K+ group using the post hoc LSD test (p0, 05), while the results of MDA levels were significantly different using the Kruskal Wallis test (p0.05), showing that the 240 mg dose had the same results as the simvastatin group using the Mann- Whitney test (p0.05). Snake bark ethanol extract (EEKS) at a dose of 240 mg has the same effect as simvastatin by reducing total cholesterol, LDL, triglyceride levels and increasing HDL. EEKS reduces IL-6 and MDA levels in dyslipidemia conditions.
KEYWORDS:Salak bark extract, lipid profile, IL-6, MDA
REFERENCES1) Najiao Hong et.al. 2022. The relationship between dyslipidemia and inflammation among adults in east coast China: A cross-sectional study. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.937201.
2) Kiki Ikrima et.al. 2019. Peran Spesies Oksigen Reaktif Pada Inflamasi Serta Antioksidan Alami Sebagai Fitoterapi. https://jurnal.unpad.ac.id/farmaka/article/view/22010.
3) Puryono, Rahayedra Ivory et al. 2015. Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan dari Berbagai Varietas Ekstrak Buah Salak (Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss) dengan Metode DPPH (1,1-Difenil-2-Pikrilhidrazil) (Antioxidant Assay of Some Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss Varieties using DPPH (1,1 - Diphenyl - 2 – Picrylhydrazyl) Method).
4) World health Organization ( WHO ). Global Health Observatory ( GHO ) data. Available from : http://www.who.int/gho/ned/risk factors/cholesterol text/en/. Accesed February 16.2023.
5) Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan RI tahun 2013. Laporan Nasional Riset Kesehatan Daerah ( RISKESDAS)2013.2014.
6) Lin CF, Chang YH, Chien SC, Lin YH. Epidemiology dyslipidemia in Asia Pacific Region. Int J Geront 2018; 12:2-6
7) Park EJ, Chiang C, Munawar M et.al. Lipid Lowering Treatment in Hipercholesterolaemia Patients; The CEPHEUS Pan-Asians Survey. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehab, 2011;19(4):781-794
8) Lin CF, Chang YH, Chien SC, Lin YH. Epidemiology of dyslipidemia in Asia Pasific Region. Int J Geront 2020;12;2-6
9) Mutiarahmi CN, Hartady T, Lesmana R. Use Of Mice A Experimental Animals In Laboratories That Refer To The Principles Of Animal Welfare: A Literaure review. Indones Med Veterinus. 2021 jan 31; 10(1):134-45.
10) Laufs U, Parhofer KG, Ginsberg Hn, Hegele RA. Clinical Review On Trigilerides. Eur Heart J.2020 Jan 1;41 (1);99-109c.
11) Yang, Rui-Li; Shi, Yong-Hui; Hao, Gang; Li,Wu; Le, Guo-Wei (2018). Increasing Oxidative Stress with Progressive Hyperlipidemia in Human; Relation between Malondyaldehyde and Atherogenic Index. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, 43(3),154-158. Doi:10.3164/jcbn.2018044.
12) Delpech, Bernard. (2019). The Alkaloids Chemistry and Biology Vol 73 II The Saraine Alkaloid. 223-329. Doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-411565-1.00004-4
13) Fikri Fatoni.2014. Studi Potensi Biji salak sebagai sumber alternatif monosakarida dengan cara hidrolisis menggunakan asam sulfat. (skripsi). FTP UGM; Yogyakarta
14) Soebardi s, Purnamasari D, Oemardi M, Soewondo P, Waspaji S, Soegondo S. Dyslipidemia in newly diagnosis diabets mellitus. The Jakarta surveilance 2006. Acta Med Indones, 41 (4);186-190,2009
15) Eckel RH, Cornier MA. Update on NCEP ATP-III emerging cardiometabolic risk factors. BMC Med 2014;12;115
16) Soegondo S. Aterogenic dyslipidemia and the metabolic syndrome. Acta.Med Indones 2015; 37(3);177-183
17) Jacobson AT, Ito KM, Maki CK et al. National Lipid Association (NLA ) recomendation for patient-entered management of dyslipidemia;part I (full report).J Clin Lipid 2015;9;129-169
18) Chaudury B, Aggarwal A. Diabetic dyslipidemia:Current concepts in pathipisiology and management. J Clin Diag Res 2018;12 (1);6-9
19) Rader JD, Kheterpal AS. Lipoprotein physiology in;Dyslipidemias pathopisiology, evaluation and management, Garg A (ed). Humana Press;1-12,2015
20) Grundy SM, Becker D, Clark LT. Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults.2019.
21) Cabazeas CM.Burggraaf B,Klop B. Dyslipidemia in clinical pratice. Clin Chim Act, 2018;487;117-125
22) Kopin L, Lowenstein JC. In the clinic. Dyslipidemia.Ann Intern Med. ACP 2017;ITC 81-ITC95
23) American Diabetes Association (ADA). Cardiovascular disease and risk management; Standarts of medical cere in diabetes. Diab Care 2018;41(1);S86-S104.
24) Fransiska I, Indahyani DE, Handayani ATW. Kadar Kolesterol pada Mencit (Mus-Musculus) Diabetes Setelah Konsumsi Ekstrak Rumput Laut Coklat (Phaeophyta).2020;8;6.
25) Hafianie A, genest J. High Density Lipoproteins; Measurment techniques and High HDL-Cholesterol Level Always Benefical?Biomedicines.2021.Aug 25;9(9);1083.
26) Zhang A, Yao Y, Xue Z, Guo X, Dou J, Lv Y, et al. A Study on the Factors Influencing Triglyceride Levels among Adults In Northeast China. Sci Rep.2018 Dec;8 (1);6388
27) Agrawal M, Spencer Hj,Faas FH. The Method of LDL Cholesterol Measurment Influences Clasification of LDL Cholesterol to Treatment Goals;2014;14.
28) Connelly MA, Shalaurova I, Otvus JD. High-density lipoprotein and inflamation in cardiovascular disease. Transl Res.2016 Jul; 173;7-18
29) Laufs U, Parhofer KG, Ginsberg HN, Hegele RA. Clinical Review on trygliseride. Eur Heart J. 2020 Jan 1;41(1);99-109c.
30) Franczyk B, Rysz J, Lawinski J, Rysz-Gorzyriska M, Gluba-Brzozka A. Is a High HDL-Cholesterol Level Always Benefical?Biomedicines.2021 Aug 25;9(9);1083
31) Zheng S. Crocetin attenuates atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic rabbits through inhibition of LDL oxidation. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 2006;47:70–76. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
32) Kurnia H, Permatasari N, Subandi, Pengaruh Ekstrak Jintan Hitam terhadap MDA dan sel spermatogonium tikus yang dipapar Asap Rokok Kretek Subakut. J Kedokteran Brawijaya.2014.03.07
33) Harum Iriyanti, Susanto H, Rosidi A.2017. Pemberian Tempe Menurunkan Kadar MDA dan Meningkatkan Aktiffitas Enzim SOD pada tikus dengan aktifitas fisik tinggi. Jurnal Gizi Pangan Universitas Dipenogoro Semarang.
34) Chen L, Deng H, Cui H, Fang J, Deng J, Li Y, Wang X, Zhao L. 2018. Inflamatmatory Responses and Inflammation – Association Disease in Organs, oncotarget,996);7204-7218.
35) Setiati S, Alwi I, Sudoyo AW, Setyohadi B, Syam AF. Panduan Pengelolaan Dislipidemia. Jakarta: PAPDI.2019
36) Handayani, TW., Widodo, A., Yanti, R., Prasetyo, E., Zulfaidah., dan Tandi, J. (2021). Analisis Metabolit Sekunder dan Aktivitas Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Buah Salak (Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss) Terhadap Kadar Glukosa dan Ureum Kreatinin Tikus Putih Jantan (Rattus norvegicus). KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia, 7(3): 161-168.
37) Adjeng, A. N. T., Hairah, S., Herman, S., Ruslin, R., Fitrawan, L. O. M., Sartinah, A., Ali, N. F. M., & Sabarudin, S. (2020). Skrining Fitokimia dan Evaluasi Sediaan Sabun Cair Ekstrak Etanol 96% Kulit Buah Salak Pondoh (Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss.) Sebagai Antioksidan. Pharmauho: Jurnal Farmasi, Sains, Dan Kesehatan, 5(2), 21–24. https://doi.org/10.33772/pharmauho.v5i2.10170
38) Afrianti, L.H., E.Y. Sukandar, S. Ibrahim, I.K. Adnyana (2010). Senyawa asam-2- metilester-1-H-pirol-4-karboksilat dalam ekstrak etil asetat buah salak varietas Bongkok sebagai antioksidan dan antihyperuricemia, J.Teknol. dan Industri Pangan, Vol.XXI No.1 Th.2010, 66-72.
39) Arikunto, S.(2010). Prosedur penelitian: suatu pendekatan praktik. Edisi Revisi Cetakan ke-14. Jakarta:Rineka Cipta.
40) De Souza Bastos A, Graves DT, de Melo Loureiro AP, Júnior CR, Corbi SC, Frizzera F, Scarel-Caminaga RM, Câmara NO, Andriankaja OM, Hiyane MI, Orrico SR. Diabetes and increased lipid peroxidation are associated with systemic inflammation even in well-controlled patients. Journal of Diabetes and its Complications. 2016 Nov 1;30(8):1593-9.
41) Sarbijani HM, Khoshnia M, Marjani A. The association between Metabolic Syndrome and serum levels of lipid peroxidation and interleukin-6 in Gorgan. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. 2016 Jan 1;10(1):S86-9.
42) Heriwijaya IP, Jawi IM, Satriyasa BK. Uji efektivitas ekstrak air daun ubi jalar ungu (Ipomoea batatas) terhadap profil lipid tikus putih jantan galur wistar yang diinduksi pakan dislipidemia. Intisari Sains Medis. 2020 Aug 1;11(2):452-6.
Volume 06 Issue 12 December 2023
There is an Open Access article, distributed under the term of the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits remixing, adapting and building upon the work for non-commercial use, provided the original work is properly cited.
Our Services and Policies
Authors should prepare their manuscripts according to the instructions given in the authors' guidelines. Manuscripts which do not conform to the format and style of the Journal may be returned to the authors for revision or rejected.
The Journal reserves the right to make any further formal changes and language corrections necessary in a manuscript accepted for publication so that it conforms to the formatting requirements of the Journal.
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Analysis will publish 12 monthly online issues per year,IJMRA publishes articles as soon as the final copy-edited version is approved. IJMRA publishes articles and review papers of all subjects area.
Open access is a mechanism by which research outputs are distributed online, Hybrid open access journals, contain a mixture of open access articles and closed access articles.
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Analysis initiate a call for research paper for Volume 07 Issue 11 (November 2024).
PUBLICATION DATES:
1) Last Date of Submission : 26 November 2024 .
2) Article published within a week.
3) Submit Article : editor@ijmra.in or Online
Why with us
1 : IJMRA only accepts original and high quality research and technical papers.
2 : Paper will publish immediately in current issue after registration.
3 : Authors can download their full papers at any time with digital certificate.
The Editors reserve the right to reject papers without sending them out for review.
Authors should prepare their manuscripts according to the instructions given in the authors' guidelines. Manuscripts which do not conform to the format and style of the Journal may be returned to the authors for revision or rejected. The Journal reserves the right to make any further formal changes and language corrections necessary in a manuscript accepted for publication so that it conforms to the formatting requirements of the Journal.